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Chinese patchwork

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Chinese patchwork is a traditional form of Chinese <a href="Needlework" title="Needlework">needlework</a> which has been widely circulated in <a href="Chinese_folk_art" title="Chinese folk art">Chinese folk arts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:2-1">[1]</a> In <a href="China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="Patchwork" title="Patchwork">patchwork</a> has been used for millennia.<a href="#cite_note-:3-2">[2]</a>

Chinese patchwork is made by <a href="Sewing" title="Sewing">sewing</a> scraps of fabric together into a desired shape to form design art with a distinctive theme.<a href="#cite_note-:4-3">[3]</a> This technique is still used in Chinese <a href="Quilting" title="Quilting">quilting</a>. <a href="Silk" title="Silk">Silk</a> or <a href="Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a> is used to make the patchwork. The design for the patchwork often told a story of Chinese folklore.<a href="#cite_note-:6-4">[4]</a> Traditional Chinese patchwork continues to exist in many rural areas in China; it is made by women.<a href="#cite_note-:2-1">[1]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_Chinese_patchwork">Types of Chinese patchwork</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Baijiayi">Baijiayi</h3></div>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Baijiayi" title="Baijiayi">Baijiayi</a></div>

<a href="Baijiayi" title="Baijiayi">Baijiayi</a> (<a href="Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 百家衣) or baijia pao (<a href="Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 百家袍),<a href="#cite_note-:72-5">[5]</a> also known <a href="Hundred_Family_Surnames" title="Hundred Family Surnames">Hundred-Families</a> robe,<a href="#cite_note-:02-6">[6]</a> or One hundred families robe,<a href="#cite_note-:72-5">[5]</a> or One hundred families clothing,<a href="#cite_note-:82-7">[7]</a> is a form of Chinese patchwork <a href="Ru_(upper_garment)" title="Ru (upper garment)">jacket</a>, particularly for male children.<a href="#cite_note-:32-8">[8]</a> The baijia yi is used as a protective talisman for a child.<a href="#cite_note-:32-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-:12-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-:72-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-:02-6">[6]</a> It is a traditional <a href="Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a> custom.<a href="#cite_note-:32-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-:72-5">[5]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Baijia_bei">Baijia bei</h3></div>

Baijia bei (lit. translated as "one hundred families quilt"), also known as the "100 Good Wishes Quilt" or "one hundred families bedcovers",<a href="#cite_note-:3-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-:8-10">[10]</a> is a <a href="Northern_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern China">Northern Chinese</a> patchwork tradition; it is customary to seek 100 people to donate a square piece of cloth in order to contribute to the <a href="Quilt" title="Quilt">quilt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:3-2">[2]</a> These pieces of donated fabric are then sewn into a quilt which embodies the good wishes, luck and energy of the quilt contributors.<a href="#cite_note-:3-2">[2]</a>

Although the Chinese word "bei" is translated as "quilt" in English, it does not conform to the <a href="Western_world" title="Western world">Western</a> definition of a quilt (a bed covering with three layers held together with quilting stitch).<a href="#cite_note-:3-2">[2]</a>

Jia sha (<a href="Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: 袈裟) is a form of patchwork robe worn by Chinese <a href="Bhikkhu" title="Bhikkhu">Buddhist priests</a> to demonstrate their commitments to <a href="Asceticism" title="Asceticism">asceticism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:3-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-:7-12">[12]</a> It was made of fabric donated by patrons, often wealthy patrons, who give them silk fabrics out of charity and in order to collect spiritual merits.<a href="#cite_note-:7-12">[12]</a> The small pieces of fabric were sewn together before being decorated.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> The jia sha was derived from the <a href="Kasaya_(clothing)" title="Kasaya (clothing)">kasaya</a> (Indian Buddhist robe).<a href="#cite_note-:7-12">[12]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shuitianyi">Shuitianyi</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Shuitianyi" title="Shuitianyi">Shuitianyi</a></div>

<a href="Shuitianyi" title="Shuitianyi">Shuitianyi</a> is a form of women's patchwork garment which was popular in the <a href="Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:3-2">[2]</a> It was made of irregular fabrics sewn together.<a href="#cite_note-:3-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-14">[14]</a> This form of garment reflected the Ming dynasty's tendency towards fashion novelty.<a href="#cite_note-:3-2">[2]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yanchuan_patchwork">Yanchuan patchwork</h3></div>

Yanchuan patchwork is a distinctive form of traditional Chinese patchwork which is performed by a great number of people in the <a href="Yanchuan_County" title="Yanchuan County">Yanchuan</a> region of northern <a href="Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi province</a> in China.<a href="#cite_note-:4-3">[3]</a> It uses combines the use of sewing and <a href="Embroidery" title="Embroidery">embroidery</a> along with a variety of colours, textures and cloths of different shapes to create patterns.<a href="#cite_note-:4-3">[3]</a> It originated as a means to extend the use of damaged clothing by sewing and mending it into traditional patterns while simultaneously increasing its <a href="Aesthetic_value" class="mw-redirect" title="Aesthetic value">aesthetic value</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:4-3">[3]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_uses">Other uses</h3></div>

The uses of Chinese patchwork are not limited to traditional clothing but have been widely used in modern society for <a href="Curtain" title="Curtain">curtains</a>, children's shoes, caps, <a href="Dudou" title="Dudou">dudous</a>, <a href="Scarf" title="Scarf">scarves</a>, women's <a href="Handbag" title="Handbag">handbags</a>, <a href="Apron" title="Apron">aprons</a>, men's <a href="Cigarette_case" title="Cigarette case">cigarette cases</a> and <a href="Wallet" title="Wallet">wallets</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influences_and_derivatives">Influences and derivatives</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="One_hundred_Good_Wishes_Quilts">One hundred Good Wishes Quilts</h3></div>

One Hundred Good Wishes quilt (acronym: OHGWQ) is an early 21st century commemorative form of quilt which is made by American families to welcome a Chinese child adoptee.<a href="#cite_note-:3-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-:7-12">[12]</a> This practice originated from a northern Chinese patchwork practice and spread quickly through the China adoption community through the use of the internet.<a href="#cite_note-:3-2">[2]</a> This form of hybrid quilting projects are also described as "baijia bei" (百家被) on OHGWQ websites.<a href="#cite_note-:7-12">[12]</a>

It may have been inspired by the <a href="Baijiayi" title="Baijiayi">baijia yi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-12">[12]</a> It is made of donated fabric from friends, family members, and internet acquaintances who may have themselves adopted Chinese children.<a href="#cite_note-:3-2">[2]</a> The quilt also contains both Chinese and American culture elements (i.e the use of quilt as a commemorative object in US and the protective aspect of Chinese patchwork) and represent a point of contact between these two cultures which are distinctive from each other.<a href="#cite_note-:3-2">[2]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Patchwork_process">Patchwork process</h2></div>

The patches are cut into similar sizes and shapes and then leave at least 1/2-inch on each side of the patch for a seam. Arrange them in patterns or at random. Hold two patches face-to-face and stitch them together. Continue this process until the front of the quilt has been sewn into one solid piece.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Patterns">Patterns</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="Motif_(textile_arts)" title="Motif (textile arts)">Motif (textile arts)</a></div>

Many patterns exist, while the quilting block is one that is widely used. Other patterns include the Chinese coin, 100 good wishes, and lattice.<a href="#cite_note-:6-4">[4]</a> Patterns may incorporate geometric shapes such as squares, triangles, hexagons, and diamonds.

Traditional culture and folk legends are often the themes for patchworks, such as the <a href="Qilin" title="Qilin">Qilin</a> Bringing the Child, <a href="Door_gods" class="mw-redirect" title="Door gods">Door Gods</a>, the <a href="Dragon_King" title="Dragon King">Dragon King</a> and the <a href="Kitchen_God" title="Kitchen God">Kitchen God</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:5-17">[17]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Embroidery">Embroidery</h3></div>

Some Chinese patchwork is made using pieces of fabric which are adorned with <a href="Embroidery" title="Embroidery">embroideries</a>; this marks a difference from Korean patchwork, which is usually made of pieces of unadorned fabric instead of embroidered fabrics.<a href="#cite_note-metmuseum.org-18">[18]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2></div>

<div class="gallerytext">Chinese embroidered patchwork Panel, c. 14th century, Late <a href="Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan</a> - Early <a href="Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-metmuseum.org-18">[18]</a></div>

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<div class="gallerytext">Chinese embroidered patchwork Panel (close-up view), c. 14th century, Late <a href="Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan</a> - Early <a href="Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-metmuseum.org-18">[18]</a></div>

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<div class="gallerytext">Chinese patchwork of Woven Textiles, medium: silk and metallic thread, 13th–14th century, Yuan - early Ming dynasty.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></div>

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<div class="gallerytext">Chinese patchwork of woven textiles; medium: silk; 17th–18th century.<a href="#cite_note-metmuseum.org-18">[18]</a></div>

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<div class="gallerytext">Baijia yi</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">A small Chinese boy wearing a patchwork bib.</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">Embroidered infant bib.</div>

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<ul><li><a href="Bojagi" title="Bojagi">Bojagi</a></li>

<li><a href="Korean_fabric_arts" title="Korean fabric arts">Korean fabric arts</a></li>

<li><a href="Quilting" title="Quilting">Quilting</a></li>

<li><a href="Shuitianyi" title="Shuitianyi">Shuitianyi</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-metmuseum.org-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-metmuseum.org_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-metmuseum.org_18-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-metmuseum.org_18-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-metmuseum.org_18-3">d</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/39712">"Embroidered Patchwork Panel ca. 14th century China"</a>. www.metmuseum.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170925110353/http://www.metmuseum.org:80/art/collection/search/39712">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-09-25. Retrieved 2021-04-25.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/44583">"Patchwork of Woven Textiles 13th–14th century China"</a>. www.metmuseum.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200128015324/https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/44583">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-01-28. Retrieved 2021-04-25.</cite>

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